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Esentual standards of Honors biology
Bio 1.1.1 - In this segment we learned the diffrent parts of a eyukyotic cell and thfunction of each one from the neculas all the way to the cell wall . We even learned how the inturact with each other and how ther preform there jobs below is a video comparing the eyukyotic cell and the prokyotic cell
- ▶ 3:45
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RQ-SMCmWB1s
Bio 1.1.2 - In this segment we compaired the prokotic cell and the eyukyotic cell based on there phicial traits and there general simularites like the menbrane and the genetic material that they arre made of .THese two cells are very complex and are very diffrent ans realated at the sametime one hase a neculas the othere dont . below is a video also comapiring the prokarotic cell and the eyoukyotic cell
- ▶ 7:10
study.com/.../eukaryotic-and-prokaryotic-cells-similarities-and-di...
Bio 1.1.3 - Cell spefication is the process in which a cell is formed to preform a spafic duty like be part of the muscle in the arm or the leg . These cell can even be formed to become parts of the heart and other vitle organisms within the human body.In order for these cells to become a hole cell the first half to devide and difrentriate . To get a better understanding of this process we looked at a virturial lab ans saw how they split in to new cells . Below is a picture located to the right
Bio 1.2 - Analyse the cell as a liveing organism
Bio 1.2.1 - Homeostasis is where the cell works to keep a staible liveing enviroment in side the cell so the cell can actuall function . Heomeostasis consist of keeping salt suger and other nutrients within the cell at a safe condition .All organisms must reform homeostasis in order to stay alive .Another way to describe homeostasis is the movement of materials in and out of the cell this can be called active transport or passive transport . For this section we look at a vitual lab that showed and explaned tthe process . below is a video explaneing more
Bio 1.2.2 - In this section we looked at how cell grow in terms of phases like interphase this is where the cell spendes most of its life next we have a phase called prophase then metaphase and so forth . All of these phases are important they can show yous step by stem how the cells devide of time
bio 1.2.3 - There are many diffrent adaptations that cells can devolop over time to help them surive in there enviroment the things are like camoflageor a special abuility . Thing under this catorgie are like the flagelim on the prokaroyte cell or the cilia on cirtian ornanisms or the eye spot this part of the organism is used to determian the light sensitivty and to help it find its location all of these parts of an organism are used to help the cell surive in the enviroment . For this segment we did a virtual lab to help understand the importance of celluar adaptations
- Ecosystems
Bio 2.1.1 - The diffrent cycles ? All of these cycles the carbon ,nitrogen,water all play an important role in keeping a envirome t stable we have the water cycle rotating the water the carbon cycle recycleing the aair we breath and especially the nitrogen cycle . Our atmosphere is 80% nitrogen this cycle us very important because the cycle renews the cycle and prevides more nitrogen replaceing the substence that we take in . Every cycle is important to human surivle and some say its the key . we did a lab where we had to draw the three cycles example shown below
Bio 2.1.2 - Surivle adaptations are things that organisms will do in order to surive alson know as behavorial adaptations . This all could be based on natural selection this is where cirtian organisms are chosen to surive and this will have an affect on the offspring it produces . Other types of adaptations are structural adaptations this is where the organism has cirtian trates that it uses to surive like caoflage or big teeth . The last one is called reproductive adaptations this is how the offspring wwill surive like gaining a harder shell or a water proof shell without these adaptations the offspring will die . For this we play a vitural ame as a lab where we had to choose a organism and see if it would surive . Below is a example picture
Bio 2.1.3 - Organism interactions
Organism inturactions is where you have parasitetism , preditorism and mutualism . These all describe how diffrent organism interact in an ecosystem . here are some examples
Organism inturactions is where you have parasitetism , preditorism and mutualism . These all describe how diffrent organism interact in an ecosystem . here are some examples
- Preditisom is where you have preditor and prey a lion and a zebra
- parasitetism is where one organism benifits and the other is harmed like a dog and a tick
- mutualism is where both organism benifit like a shark and the little fishes that fallow it around
. Pictures Bio 2.1.4
How do enviroments maintain a stable enviroment ?
there are many thing that can affect a enviroment like the peditors or diseases enen the ammount of food in the area all of these can affect the enviroment like the preitors if there not a lot of them the pray will overflow the area . Same with diseases they ca affect the area by killing off a cirian species leaveing non for the preditors . Even the food can affect the area by wipeing out species slowley . Picture are listed below . For this section we did a virtual lab to test what would happen to each speciesif one was affected
How do enviroments maintain a stable enviroment ?
there are many thing that can affect a enviroment like the peditors or diseases enen the ammount of food in the area all of these can affect the enviroment like the preitors if there not a lot of them the pray will overflow the area . Same with diseases they ca affect the area by killing off a cirian species leaveing non for the preditors . Even the food can affect the area by wipeing out species slowley . Picture are listed below . For this section we did a virtual lab to test what would happen to each speciesif one was affected
Bio 2.2.1 - enviromental impact from humans .
We as humans dont really understand how we are affecting the enviroment . We dont notice the little thing but the little things can lead to even bigger consiquences in the future and all the sideaffect can make it hard or the future of man kind to live . One of the things that greatley affects the enviroment is our populatio growth . The population growth is limmiting our recorces and our liveing space here on earht remember the earth is 75% water that leaves 25% for humans mot of it being frozen or un explored . For this section we did a virtual labe where we tested what would affect the enviroment of er the years .
We as humans dont really understand how we are affecting the enviroment . We dont notice the little thing but the little things can lead to even bigger consiquences in the future and all the sideaffect can make it hard or the future of man kind to live . One of the things that greatley affects the enviroment is our populatio growth . The population growth is limmiting our recorces and our liveing space here on earht remember the earth is 75% water that leaves 25% for humans mot of it being frozen or un explored . For this section we did a virtual labe where we tested what would affect the enviroment of er the years .
Bio 2.22 - Protection and concervation of natural recorces
We as humans really should conserve the natural recoreces on this planit as ther become rare over the years . We also should conserve the natureal recorces for the future generations . Even though we are still desroying them some people are takein the small steps to restore them . Here are some of the things we can do
We as humans really should conserve the natural recoreces on this planit as ther become rare over the years . We also should conserve the natureal recorces for the future generations . Even though we are still desroying them some people are takein the small steps to restore them . Here are some of the things we can do
- Not pollute
- recycle
- clean up
Bio 3.1.1 - DNA
Dna or know a s dexoyribonuclaic acid is a double heloux stranded was decovored by watson and crick in the 1950's >this discovery led to humans haveing a better understanding of how humans are reproduced and how they can get their trates from there parents . Below is a video to help better under stand this process . For this project we did a lab where we had to build to DNA strands and connect them to form a double heloux Below is a video
Bio 3.1.2 - Dna and Rna is what codes protien and this process is called protien syenthis. This is where each protien is given a spacfic protin. The process begins in the enuculas where specal enzymes un ravial the Dna to where the Rna can copy it . The the Rna moves out of the neculas in to the cytoplasm where the protien syenthsis actually takes place . For this part of our semester this tied in with the lab where we had to build the dna
Bio 3.1.3 Mutations in the Dna
Mutations within the Dna can occure because of the enviroment that you live in . Examples of these mutations can be caused by radiation and chemicals these can lead to changes in the functions of cells and the phenotype
Below are some types of mutations
mouth cancer - Mostly found in tabaccon can affect the inner lineing of you mouth , Works fast because of the many chemicals contained in it
skin cancer - caused by overexposer to ultra violet rays resulting in the cancer multiplying very fast mostly known as skin cancer
Looke at the diffrent mutations in class a virtual lab
Mutations within the Dna can occure because of the enviroment that you live in . Examples of these mutations can be caused by radiation and chemicals these can lead to changes in the functions of cells and the phenotype
Below are some types of mutations
mouth cancer - Mostly found in tabaccon can affect the inner lineing of you mouth , Works fast because of the many chemicals contained in it
skin cancer - caused by overexposer to ultra violet rays resulting in the cancer multiplying very fast mostly known as skin cancer
Looke at the diffrent mutations in class a virtual lab
Bio 3.2.1 - Meosis in sexual reproduction
Meosis allow sexual reproduction to invovle genetic variation . Miosis produces regular cells 46 chroasomes each . Miosis reguarly produce sex cells with only 23 allowing both parents to contribute to the offspring . This way the offspring will gain the chroasome from both the father and the mother
Did a lab in class where we had to match the offspring with the parents
Bio 3.2.2 prediting the offspring ratios
To predict the offsprings raitios we use this thing called a pundent square . Using this helps you figure out the precent of what trait your offspring will have like 50% brown eyes of 75% blond hair . The possiabilitys are end less when configuring the precentage of your offspring . Below is a example of what a pundent square looks like . There are some wors you need to kmow when using a pundent square
To predict the offsprings raitios we use this thing called a pundent square . Using this helps you figure out the precent of what trait your offspring will have like 50% brown eyes of 75% blond hair . The possiabilitys are end less when configuring the precentage of your offspring . Below is a example of what a pundent square looks like . There are some wors you need to kmow when using a pundent square
- dominit
- autospmal resecive
- homozygpus
- hetterowzygous
Bio 3.2.3 - How dose the enviroment that you live in effect your genetic traits ?
- Take aferican americans for example there skin is dark because of the enviroment they live in the sun causes there sking to darken as a result of long term light exposer
- Take people with highlighs in there hair there hair is this way because they spend time in the sun .This is why many people have highlight in there hair during the summer
Bio 3.3.1 - Interpret how DNA is used for comparison and identification of organisms
Dna identification is used to identify organisms . One benifit to this is that is can be used to match the parents to there babies in a hospital . How dose it work ? gel electrophorisis is the process that is used this spereates the DNA and the RNA and the protine molocules based on there size . How dose it seperate them ? The way they seperate them based on there size is by sending elecrtial charges through the gel the smaller particals move easyer throught the susbenst easyer than the larg ones .After they are speperated a Dna strand is introduced and is then xrayed thus showing the identical prints .
For this lab we had to compair a set of ingure prints that where found at a crime scen
Bio 3.3.2 - Explane how transgenetic organisms benifit socity ?
- There are many diffrent ways that transgenetic organisms can help our socity . They can be cheeper to grow / make and more easly to produce and can also help solve world hunger because they can be grown at a faster rate in dffrent enviroments . How ever there are some people that still beleave that geneticaly modifies anmials and plants where no created for man kinds benifits . They beleave that these types of mutations are unethically
- For this segment we did a virtual lab where we made a power point on geneticaly modified animals
Bio 3.3.3 - evaluate some of the ethical issues conserning the use of cloneing and the human genome project ?
- There are some issues when we talk about this . The question in hand is this right ? Are we playing god ?Al of these questions can be viewed diffrentuly by everyone some say that we should contenuy to use this others say its wrong to modify living organisms . Basically it come down to what you want to beleave and your own opinion . These genetically modifies anmials could one day stop world hunger the only problem is that we dont know the long term sidefects of them . In the end it comes down to what you want to beleave .
Bio 3.4.1 - Explane how fossils , Biochemiel and anatoicla evidence sopport the theroie of evelution
- Fossile and biochemical records can be used to show a very close simulartie with diffrent species . Fossiles are the remains of prehistoric anmals and they are very important to us because they can show the change in evelution over the years . And sometimes whe we discover fossils we can find biochemical evidence theis show the diffrent hemoglobens as opposed to analogous features . Theses discoveries can even be used to comapir traits
Bio 3.4.2 - Explain how natural selection influences the changes in species over time
- Natural selection is the proces where nature chooses a cirtian species to mutate and surive . Say you are a farmer and you spray your crops with a pesticide the bugs that attempt to eat the crops will die but over time the bugs will become immune to the pestacid this process is called natural selection this process also applys to anmials and the same process will happen . This is why we need to reduce the uses of pesticides not only to stop the bugs from become a super bug but to stop hurting the enviroment with runoff .
Bio 3.4.3 - Explain how various disease agents (bacteria, viruses, chemicals) can influence natural selection.
- There are many diffrent diseases that can greatly influence a envirement . For example there is pesticide restiance .Little pest such as insects they can devolop a restiance to the pestacide and then the resiance can then be passed on to there off spring . Sence insect have a very shor t life span the natural slection carrys on very fast
Bio 3.5.1 -Explain the historical development and changing nature of classification systems
what we did for this was a studyisland
- there are many diffrent classifications systems osme of the as old a human cicilization its self . Just about all organisms are classified on to soem sort or group wetaher it be in to a small group or a large group. The very first classifications system was first devoloped in germany and in india but only in the 17 centry was the first classification chart created or microrganisms
what we did for this was a studyisland
Bio 3.5.2 -Analyze the classification of organisms according to their evolutionary relationships (including dichotomous keys and phylogenetic trees).
for this segment we did a studyisland
- There are some diffrent methods that may help you determin weather two organisms are relater you can use a dictonomis key or a phyolegenic tree . What are these . A dictonomis key is of coses a key that you can uses to comapir two organisms trates . A pyylogenetic tree is what you can uses to see the relations more closely and how closeley related the tow ansesters are
for this segment we did a studyisland
Bio 4.1.1 -
Compare the structures and functions of the major biological molecules (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids) as related to the survival of living organisms
- There are some very important things in thei would we as humans can not live with out and no im not talking about our cell phones i am talking about things like carbohydrates and lipids things like this . For example we can not live with out charbohydrates, lipids protin and last but not least nuclaic acid . Each of these is very important
charbohydrates - Very important sorce of energy . can be foun in breads ,fruits and vegitiables
protine - Large and very important complex moilcules that play a critical rol in the body . Found in meats
nuclaic acids - Transphers genetic information through out the body
lipids - Sorce of long term energy and storege . Found in things like oils and butter
Bio 4.1.2 -
Summarize the relationship among DNA, proteins and amino acids in carrying out the work of cells and how this is similar in all organisms.
- There are a totle of 5 nitrogen bases that are used to construct a neculatide which in turn builds up neculaic acid like RNA and DNA they are called Guanine, Adenine, Cytosine and Thymine and Uracil These are the five nitrogen bases that match up to the fallowing A and T , G and C , U in Rna . The process that this sequence is called is protien syenthsis this is where the individual cell produses its own protine
Bio 4.1.3
Explain how enzymes act as catalysts for biological reactions.
- What is a catalysts ? A catalysts is a special enzyme that helps speed up the chemical reactions in our body also in our cells . Enzymes work by creating a alternant path of even lower activation energy for the reactions to mve even faster
- For this segment we did a virtual lab where we compaired the enzymes like a lock and key and did a studyisland
- below is a picture click for more info
Bio 4.2.1 -
Analyze photosynthesis and cellular respiration in terms of how energy is stored, released, and transferred within and between these systems.
- what is celluar resperation and photosyenthsis ? Photosyenthsis is the process that plants go through to make food for the plant the precess in vovles the plant takeing in light ang transphering it into chemicla energy and storing the chemical bonds . Photosyenthsis primarley takes place in the plants leaves . In celluar resperation the newley formed energy is now converted from the chemical bonds to the useable ATP and the energy is release when the bonds are broken
Bio 4.2.2 - Explain ways that organisms use released energy for maintaining homeostasis (active transport).
- Homieostasis what is it ? Homeiostasis is the ability to maintain or regulate a constant inturenal tempature in a responce to the changes in the enviromet or the sorunding areas . did you know that homieostasis is also used to regulate the gluclose levals which is a sugar found in the blood stream this is very important because gloclose is very important fo ones health . One more think that homostasis is responciable is regulateing the blood preasure when this happens the speed of your heart will change too high it will slow down so slow it will speed up